Ferran, C., & Salim, R. (2003). The Internet and the Digital Divide. Asian Information-Science-Life, 2(1).

Abstract

The Internet provides less benefit to the underdeveloped countries than to the developed ones. This
holds true even when network access is similar in both countries. We argue that network access is not enough to reap
full benefit from the Internet; therefore, simple universal access to the Internet in underdeveloped countries is not
enough to close the breach of the Digital Divide.